| Diane Krasner
University of California, Los Angeles
Examination of risk and protective factors according to gender and ethnicity in a school context
FINAL REPORT:
This study investigates the relationship between risk and protective factors and school outcomes of low income children and follows them from eighth grade through twelfth grade. Furthermore, the impact of ethnic and gender differences within ethnic groups on contribution to school outcomes are examined.
Six hundred and fifth-five eighth grade students who attend public, urban schools and whose families income is below $15,000 for a family of four were selected for this study from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88). A three year longitudinal study, the NELS:88 data set, (ranging from years 1988 through 1992) include information on family, student, and teachers as well as cognitive assessment outcomes on Math and Reading achievement for eighth, tenth and twelfth grade students.
A compensatory risk model that combines risk and protective factor scores for individual children was used to predict school outcomes which included Math and Reading achievement, classroom behavior, attendance, and school attitude for eighth, tenth, and twelfth grade students. Results of this study revealed that low income White, African-American and Hispanic males and females moved in and out of a risk status between middle and high school time periods. Risk and protective factor contributors to achievement were also differentially effected by ethnicity and gender.
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